Grammar Lesson #1 - Verb Tenses in English

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          In the study of language, we must already use such kind of the rules of language which arrange how we make a sentence for speaking and writing called Grammar. Grammar is the structures and systems of language which study about the classes of words, their inflections, their functions, and relations in the sentence. In grammar this grammar lesson, we are going to learn about the tenses, a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action or state in relation to the time of speaking. As the definition of tenses, it has relation to the time of speaking, so related to the time classification of tenses, they are divided into three part, they are present, past, and future.


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Present

          Present tense is a tense expressing an action that is currently going on or habitually performed, or a state that currently or generally exists. Present tense consist of 4 forms there are simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous. 

Simple Present

Form: Subject + Verb (+e/es) + Object.

Uses:

  • Use 1: Actions that are habitual or routine

    EXAMPLES: The sun rises.

  • Use 2: General, timeless facts

    EXAMPLES: Babies drink milk.

  • Use 3: Narrative style (used when recalling past events or announcing things that are happening in the moment)

    EXAMPLES: He hits the baseball out of the field and makes a home run!

  • Use 4: The “real” present (things that are happening right now), but ONLY when the verb is stative. Stative verbs* deal with the way the subject is, instead of what the subject does.

    EXAMPLES: That car looks old. They think that’s a bad idea.

Present Perfect

Form: Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3(past participle) + object

Uses:

  • Use 1: Actions that started in the past, continue into the present, and may continue into the future

    EXAMPLES: The children have felt sick ever since they ate lunch. My neighbor has lived next door to me for two years.

  • Use 2: Separate actions that happened in the past and may happen again in the
    future
    EXAMPLES: That man has traveled overseas several times. We have eaten at that restaurant once or twice.
  • Use 3: Recently completed actions that still influence things happening in the present
    EXAMPLES: The sun has risen and you need to wake up. They have finished their meeting, so now they can go.

Present Continuous

Form: Subject + To Be(Is / Am / Are) + Verb ing

Uses:

  • Use 1: The “real” present (things that are happening right now), for all verbs except stative verbs

    EXAMPLES: I am sitting down right now. He can’t come to the phone because he is working. You can’t see the children because they are hiding.

  • Use 2: Temporary actions that may not be happening right now, but have not yet been completed

    EXAMPLES: I am taking an English course. The truck is being repaired. Plans are being made.

Present Perfect Continuous

Form: Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb ing

Uses:

  • Use 1: Actions that started in the past, continue into the present, and may continue into the future (note that this is the exact same use and meaning as Use 1 of present perfect)

    EXAMPLES: The children have been feeling sick ever since they ate lunch. My neighbor has been living next door to me for two years.

Past

          Past tense is a tense expressing an action that has already happened or a state that previously existed. Past tense consist of 4 forms there are simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous.

The forms :

- Simple -> Subject + Verb 2 + Object

- Continuous -> Subject + To Be (Is / Am / Are) + Verb ing + Object

- Perfect -> Subject + Had + Verb 3 + Object

- Perfect Continuous -> Subject + Had + Been + Verb ing

We use these forms :

  • to talk about the past
  • to refer to the present or future in hypotheses

This use is very common in wishes and in conditions with if

For hypotheses, wishes and conditions in the past, we use the past perfect

To talk about the present in a few polite expressions.


Future

          Future tense is a tense expressing an action that has not happened yet or a state that does not yet exist. Future tense consist of 4 forms there are simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous(rarely use). 

Simple Future (Future Indefinite) Tense

The simple future tense is used when an action is promised/thought to occur in the future.

Structure:

Subject + shall/will + verb +  . . . . . . . .

Example:

  • We shall move to another city.
  • He will come to New York tomorrow.


Note: The structure of the present continuous tense also can be used when an action is promised/arranged/planned to take place in the near future.

Example:

  • We are moving to Texas next week.
  • The bus is leaving at 6.00 am.


Future Continuous Tense

The future continuous tense is used when an action is promised/thought to be going on at a specific time/context in the future.

 Structure:

Subject + shall/will + be + verb+ing . . . . . . . .

Example:

  • I shall be sleeping at around 6.00 AM tomorrow.
  • They will be playing at this time tomorrow.


Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense is used to demonstrate an action which is promised to be done by a certain time in the future.

Structure:

Subject + shall/will + have + verb in the past participle . . . . . . . .

Example:

  • I shall have completed the assignment by Monday.
  • She will have cleaned the house before her father comes.


Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Note: There is no practical use of this tense.


           So that, to be a good in English, we have to know how the sentences are arranged by the tenses in English for Speaking and Wriring. It is divided into 3 timeline, there are present which shows action that happen currently going on, past which shows the action that already happened, and future which shows the action that is going to happen later. As a English learner, when we started to be a good in English, we have to master those tenses. So, to get easier methode of learing tenses kindly come and join to our class at,

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